Bipédie / Marche / Course

Admin · 29-01-2018 14:46:06

octubre 14, 2014 de Roberto Sáez
The oldest human footprints by continent

https://nutcrackerman.com/2014/10/14/th … continent/

Admin · 04-04-2018 20:27:07

New findings on the evolution of human locomotion
Mon, Apr 02, 2018
http://popular-archaeology.com/issue/wi … locomotion

Herman Pontzer and colleagues compared locomotor mechanics and pelvic morphology in humans and apes to determine how the force generated at the knee per unit hamstring tension varies with hip extension. Great apes had a greater maximum force generation than humans, resulting in enhanced climbing ability. However, ape pelvic orientation limited the hip extension angle to 160° or less, whereas humans could extend their hips beyond 180°, as required for upright walking. The authors used the results to estimate the locomotor capabilities of the early hominins Ardipithecus ramidus, Australopithecus afarensis, and Australopithecus africanus, based on pelvic morphology. All three early hominins had an estimated range of motion similar to that of humans. However, Ardipithecus also had an estimated maximum force generation similar to that of apes. Ardipithecus thus appears to have developed improved walking economy, compared with apes, without sacrificing climbing ability, according to the authors.

Ardi walked the walk 4.4 million years ago
The pelvis of Ardipithecus shows the hominid could both walk upright and climb trees
Bruce Bower
4:17pm, April 2, 2018
https://www.sciencenews.org/article/ard … -years-ago

Admin · 17-04-2018 20:19:55

Evolutionary Basis of Human Running and Its Impact on Neural Function
Jay Schulkin, 2016
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4939291/

Admin · 20-04-2018 11:11:11

Règle d'Allen
La règle d'Allen est une règle biologique empirique posée par Joel Asaph Allen (1838-1921) en 18771. Elle dispose que les organismes homéothermes (à température interne constante) des climats froids ont habituellement des membres et appendices plus courts que les animaux équivalents des climats plus chauds.
https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A8gle_d%27Allen

Admin · 23-04-2018 11:20:59

Admin · 24-04-2018 15:48:01

Human-like walking mechanics evolved before the genus Homo
Ancient footprints help researchers date the switch from a crouched to more straight-legged gait
April 23, 2018
https://phys.org/news/2018-04-human-lik … -homo.html

A close examination of 3.6-million-year-old hominin footprints discovered in Laetoli, Tanzania, suggests our ancestors evolved the hallmark trait of extended leg, human-like bipedalism substantially earlier than previously thought.

3.6 million-year-old footprints suggest early human ancestors were excellent walkers
by Joel Achenbach April 23
https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/spe … c46a00808a

Admin · 04-05-2018 15:25:07

Bipedality and hair loss in human evolution revisited: The impact of altitude and activity scheduling
Tamás Dávid-Barretta, Robin I.M. Dunbar, 2016
Complet : https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4874949/

Admin · 13-05-2018 10:16:36

Lower limb skeletal biomechanics track long-term decline in mobility across ∼6150 years of agriculture in Central Europe
A.A.Macintosh, R.Pinhasi, J.T.Stocka, 2014
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/a … 0314003331

Tibial loading in Central European farmers declined systematically across 6150 years.
Declines in lower limb loading were most pronounced in males.
Sedentary behavior among Central European males may date back to the Late Bronze Age.
Sexual dimorphism in lower limb bone strength was high prior to the Late Bronze Age.
Female tibial loading declined gradually across 6150 years of farming.

Central Europe is a region with a rich agricultural history that dates back to the emergence of the first Neolithic cultures here during the second part of the 6th millennium BC. The effects of prolonged cultural change on the skeletal morphology of agricultural populations in this region have not yet been fully reported. This study investigates diachronic trends in lower limb cross-sectional geometry among preindustrial Central Europeans spanning over 6000 years from the initial spread of agriculture in the region (∼5300 cal BC) to the Early Medieval (∼850 AD). Midshaft diaphyseal cross-sectional geometric (CSG) properties were derived from 443 three-dimensional laser scans of femora and tibiae. Results documented temporal change that was particularly pronounced in the tibia relative to the femur, indicative of declining compressional strength (males), bending and torsional rigidity (males), and increasingly more circular cross-sections (both sexes). When examined chronologically by cemetery, a major shift towards lower tibial rigidity was identified in the Late Bronze Age among males, after which time sexual dimorphism also declined. Regional variation in tibial rigidity was identified among males, being consistently low in males from modern-day Vojvodina (Serbia) relative to contemporaneous males elsewhere in Central Europe. In contrast, female temporal trends by cemetery were indicative of progressive but gradual declines in tibial loading. Results report systematic change in lower limb cross-sectional geometry among preindustrial Central European agriculturalists that are likely indicative of declining terrestrial mobility through 6000+ years of cultural change in the region.

Admin · 01-06-2018 19:08:21

Admin · 01-06-2018 20:52:59

Zach Throckmorton
@throckman

Noticed a cast of the Kiik-Koba Neanderthal here at the @ESI_FossilLab. It's -so robust-. The calcaneus is about the size of mine but my foot is a good 3" longer. I wear a US 12 shoe (not wide) & it would've worn maybe an 8? Wide, for sure!
https://twitter.com/throckman/status/997122236271210496

Admin · 10-06-2018 10:43:38

By MATT MARKEY and JEFF BASTING
Anatomy makes persistence man’s first weapon
http://www.toledoblade.com/attachment/2 … he-Run.pdf

Admin · 12-09-2018 16:46:21

This broken gene may have turned our ancestors into marathoners—and helped humans conquer the world
By Elizabeth PennisiSep. 11, 2018 , 7:01 PM
http://www.sciencemag.org/news/2018/09/ … quer-world

Admin · 27-10-2018 19:13:18

Conférence TED
David Epstein: Est-ce que les athlètes sont plus rapides, meilleurs et plus forts ?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8COaMKbNrX0&t=4s

1000 idées pour la Corse

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